24th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources (ECRIS'20)

Name: 24th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources (ECRIS'20)
Start: 2020-09-28T08:30:00-04:00
End: 2020-09-30T16:56:00-04:00
Location: No location set

28 Sept 2020, 08:30 → 30 Sept 2020, 16:56 America/Detroit

Guillaume Machicoane (FRIB)

Contact

ecris20@frib.msu.edu

Monday 28 September
- 08:30 → 09:00
  
  Opening Session 30m
- 09:00 → 09:05
  
  Status Report and New Development 5m
- 09:05 → 09:30
  
  FECR Ion Source Development and Challenges 25m
  
  FECR or the First 4th generation ECR ion source is
  under development at Institute of Modern Physics
  (IMP) since 2015. This ion source is aiming to extract
  intense highly charged heavy ion beams in the order
  of emA from the dense plasma heated with 45 GHz
  microwave power. To provide effective magnetic
  confinement to the 45 GHz ECR plasma, a state of
  the art Nb3Sn magnet with min-B configuration is a
  straightforward technical path. As there is no much
  precedent references, it has to be designed,
  prototyped at IMP through in-house development.
  Meanwhile, other physics and technical challenges to
  a 4th generation ECR ion source are also tackled at
  IMP to find feasible solutions. This paper will give a
  brief review of the critical issues in the development
  of FECR ion source. A detailed report on the status of
  FECR prototype magnet development will be
  presented.
  
  Speaker: Dr Liangting Sun (Institute of Modern Physics, CAS)
- 09:30 → 09:55
  
  LECR5 Development and Status Report 25m
  
  LECR5 (Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion
  source No. 5) is an 18 GHz room temperature ECR
  ion source featuring Ø80 mm ID (Internal Diameter)
  plasma chamber and high magnetic fields. It has
  been successfully constructed at IMP recently and has
  been fully commissioned to meet the requirements of
  SESRI (Space Environment Simulation and Research
  Infrastructure) project. According to the test results,
  LECR5 can meet the requirements of SESRI with
  sufficient beam intensities within the required the
  transverse emittances. As LECR5 is designed to be
  optimal for the operation at 18 GHz, we have
  managed to explore the source performance at 18
  GHz with a maximum microwave power around 2 kW.
  Recent source test indicates, LECR5 can produce not
  only high intensity ion beams such as 2.12 emA O6+,
  121 e¿A of Ar14+, 73 e¿A of Kr23+, 145 e¿A of
  Xe27+, but also very high charge state ion beams
  such as 22 e¿A of Bi41+. This paper will present the
  recent progress with LECR5, especially the intense
  ion beam production and the beam quality
  investigation.
  
  Speaker: Cheng Qian (IMP/CAS, Lanzhou; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing))
- 09:55 → 10:20
  
  Status of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS 25m
  
  The AISHa ion source is an Electron Cyclotron
  Resonance Ion Source designed to generate high
  brightness multiply charged ion beams with high
  reliability, easy operations and maintenance for
  hadrontheraphy applications. The R&D performed by
  the INFN-LNS team during the 2019/2020 has
  allowed the improvement of the AISHa performances
  up to 20% for some of the extracted beams: both
  injection and extraction flanges has been improved
  and a movable electrode has been installed. The low
  energy beam transport has been equipped of an
  Emittance Measurement Unit (EMU), working through
  the beam wire scanners principle, for the
  measurement of the vertical and horizontal emittance
  of the beams of interest for hadrontherapy
  applications. Beam emittance has been characterized
  as a function of q/m and of the beam intensity to
  highlight space charge effects. If necessary, the
  beam wire scanners can be used for the
  characterization of the beam shape. The perspectives
  for further developments and plasma diagnostics will
  be also highlighted.
  
  Speaker: Luigi Celona (INFN-LNS)
- 10:20 → 10:45
  
  Gismo Gasdynamic ECR Ion Source Status: Towards High-Intensity Ion Beams of Superior Quality 25m
  
  GISMO, a CW high-current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion
  source, is under development at the IAP RAS. The
  quasi-gasdynamic confinement regime, featuring high
  plasma density (up to 10^14 cm^-3) and moderate
  electron temperature (~100 eV), allowed to extract
  pulsed beams of H+ and D+ ions with current of 450
  mA and RMS emittance <0.07 pi mm mrad*. It has
  been already demonstrated that major benefits of
  quasi-gasdynamic confinement, previously tested in
  pulsed mode, are scalable to the CW operational
  mode. In first experiments at GISMO facility, the ion
  beams were extracted in pulsed mode from the CW
  plasma of ECR discharge due to technical limitations
  of cooling circuits. Proton beams with current up to
  70 mA were achieved at extraction voltage of 40 kV.
  A new unique extraction system especially effective
  for the formation of high current density ion beams
  was developed and tested. Latest results of beam
  current, emittance and charge state distribution
  measurements are presented. Another possible
  application of a quasi-gasdynamic plasma might be
  the intense source of vacuum ultraviolet radiation
  (VUV). Results of VUV measurements performed at
  GISMO facility are also presented.
  
  Speaker: Ivan Izotov (IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod)
- 10:45 → 11:10
  
  Break 25m
- 11:10 → 11:15
  
  Status Report and New Development II 5m
- 11:15 → 11:40
  
  Status of the 45 GHz MARS-D Ion Source 25m
  
  Development of the MARS-D ECR ion source, a 45
  GHz next generation ECRIS using a NbTi MARSmagnet,
  has been continuously moving forward at
  LBNL. Recent stress analyses and other key
  components of the MARS-D ion source have been
  essentially finalized. This article presents and
  discusses the status of this new 45 GHz ECR ion
  source, such as the latest design features and the
  fabrication plan with funding available in the very
  near future.
  
  Speaker: Daniel Xie (LBNL, Berkeley, California)
- 11:40 → 12:05
  
  Conceptual Design of Heavy Ion ToF-ERDA Facility Based on Permanent Magnet ECRIS and Variable Frequency RFQ Accelerator 25m
  
  Ion beam analysis is typically based on tandem
  accelerators and negative ions. The required 5-20
  MeV energies for heavy ion time-of-flight elastic
  recoil detection analysis (ToF-ERDA) can be
  achieved with a high charge state ion source and RFQ
  accelerator. We present a conceptual design of a ToFERDA
  facility based on a permanent magnet ECRIS
  and variable frequency RFQ accelerating 1-10 pnA of
  40Ar8+, 84Kr17+ and 129Xe24+ ions to 4-7, 10-15
  and 13-20 MeV. We present the PM ECRIS
  requirements focusing on the CUBE-ECRIS* with a
  quadrupole min-B field topology. Beam dynamics
  studies demonstrating good transmission of the
  heavy ion beams from the ion source to the RFQ
  entrance through the electrostatic low energy beam
  transport (LEBT) and a permanent magnet dipole are
  presented. The predicted LEBT transmissions of the
  CUBE-ECRIS (rectangular extraction slit) and a
  conventional ECRIS (circular extraction aperture) are
  compared. The conceptual design of the RFQ is
  described and the implications of the energy spread
  on the high energy beam transport are discussed. It
  is demonstrated that an energy spread below 0.2 %
  is necessary for appropriate resolution of the heavy
  ion ToF-ERDA.
  
  Speaker: Olli Tarvainen (UKRI-STFC-RAL-ISIS)
- 12:05 → 12:30
  
  FRIB 28 GHz ECR Ion Source Development and Status 25m
  
  To satisfy ultimate performance requirements for
  heavy ions, a 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source
  is under development at the Facility for Rare Isotope
  Beams (FRIB) in collaboration with Berkeley National
  Laboratory. The construction and testing of the
  superconducting magnet was completed at Berkeley
  and delivered to FRIB in January 2018. The magnet
  and cryostat have been assembled on the high
  voltage platform. Magnet cooldown and field mapping
  are planned by the end of 2020. The source
  commissioning shall start in early 2021. Details of the
  ion source design, current status of assembly, and
  commissioning plan will be presented in this paper.
  
  Speaker: Haitao Ren (FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan)
- 12:30 → 13:30
  
  Break 1h
- 13:30 → 13:35
  
  Plasma Investigations 5m
- 13:35 → 14:00
  
  Imaging in X-ray Ranges to Locally Investigate the Effect of the Two- Close-Frequency Heating in ECRIS Plasmas 25m
  
  Plasma instabilities limit the ECR Ion Sources
  performances in terms of flux of the extracted highly
  charged ions by causing beam ripple and unstable
  operation conditions. In a 14 GHz ECRIS (Atomki,
  Debrecen), the effect on the plasma instabilities in an
  Argon plasma at Two Close Frequencies heating
  scheme (the frequency gap is smaller than 1 GHz)
  has been explored. A special multi-diagnostic setup
  [1, 2] has been designed and implemented consisting
  of detectors for the simultaneous collection of plasma
  radio-self-emission and of high spatial resolution
  X-ray images in the 500 eV - 20 keV energy domain
  (using an X-ray pin-hole camera setup). We present
  the comparison of plasma structural changes as
  observed from X-ray images in single and doublefrequency
  operations. The latter has been particularly
  correlated to the confinement and velocity
  anisotropy, also by considering results coming from
  numerical simulations.
  
  Speaker: Richard Racz (Atomki, Debrecen)
- 14:00 → 14:25
  
  High Resolution X-ray Imaging as a Powerful Diagnostics Tool to Investigate ECRIS Plasma Structure and Confinement Dynamics 25m
  
  High resolution spatially-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, by means of a X-ray pin-hole camera setup* ** operating in the 0.5-20 keV energy domain, is a very powerful method for ECRIS plasma structure evaluation. We present the setup installed at a 14 GHz ECRIS (ATOMKI, Debrecen), including a multi-layered collimator enabling measurements up to several hundreds of watts of RF pumping power and the achieved spatial and energy resolution (0.5 mm and 300 eV). Results coming by a new algorithm for analyzing Integrated (multi-events detection) and Photon-Counted images (single-event detection) to perform energy-resolved investigation will be described. The analysis permits to investigate High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) and spectrally resolved images, to study the effect of the axial and radial confinement (even separately), the plasma radius, the fluxes of deconfined electrons distinguishing fluorescence lines of the materials of the plasma chamber (Ti, Ta) from plasma (Ar) fluorescence lines. This method allows a detailed characterization of warm electrons, important for ionization, and to quantitatively estimate local plasma density and spectral temperature pixel-by-pixel.
  
  Speaker: Eugenia Naselli (INFN/LNS, Catania University)
- 14:25 → 14:50
  
  The Relationship Between the Diffusion of Hot Electrons, Plasma Stability, and ECR Ion Source Performance 25m
  
  Plasma instabilities complicate the operation of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources. In particular, quasi-periodic losses of electrons from confinement due to kinetic cyclotron instabilities hinder ion source performance. Empirical scaling laws help guide the development of sources away from the most unstable operating points but are poorly understood. Further advancement of ECR ion source technologies requires a deeper understanding of instabilities, scaling laws, and internal processes of the ion source plasma itself. We present here results of an experimental study into these instabilities and scaling laws, and measurements of hot electron diffusion (E > 10 keV) from the 18 GHz SUSI ECRIS at the NSCL. Measurements of the average argon current and the standard deviation of their variations across multiple unstable operating points are shown. These measurements are compared to measurements of electrons that diffuse axially from the plasma chamber. In doing so it will be shown how controlling the diffusion of electrons control the stability of the plasma and optimize the ion source's performance.
  
  Speaker: Bryan Christopher Isherwood (MSU)
- 14:50 → 15:15
  
  Break 25m
- 15:15 → 15:20
  
  Poster/ Short Presentation 5m
- 15:20 → 15:30
  
  Production of 48Ca and 48Ti Ion Beams at the DC-280 Cyclotron 10m
  
  The heaviest known elements (up to 118Og) were
  synthesized at the U-400 cyclotron (FLNR JINR,
  Dubna) by using a beam of 48Ca ions. During the
  tests of the DC-280 cyclotron, intense beams of 48Ca
  ions were produced. For the synthesis of the
  elements 119 and heavier, intense and stable beams
  of medium-mass elements are required, such as 50Ti
  and 54Cr. Before starting the main experiments, we
  test the production of 48Ti ion beam, which is less
  expensive than 50Ti. The article describes the
  method, technique, and experimental results on the
  production of 48Ca and 48Ti ion beam at the DC-280
  cyclotron from the DECRIS-PM ion source.
  
  Speaker: Dmitry Pugachev
- 15:30 → 15:40
  
  ECR Discharge in Solenoidal Magnetic Field as a Source of Dense Wide- Aperture Plasma Fluxes 10m
  
  Sources of dense plasma fluxes with wide aperture
  are extensively used in applied science, i.e. surface
  treatment, and as a part of neutral beam injectors.
  ECR discharge in a solenoidal magnetic field (i.e. with
  no magnetic mirrors for plasma confinement),
  sustained by a powerful radiation of modern
  gyrotrons is under consideration at IAP RAS as a
  possible alternative to widely used vacuum arc, RF
  and helicon discharges. The use of a high frequency
  radiation (37.5 GHz) allows to obtain a discharge at
  lower pressure, sustain almost fully ionized plasma
  with density more than 10^13 cm^-3, whereas the
  power on the level of several hundreds of kW allows
  one to create such a plasma in considerably large
  volume. In the present work fluxes of hydrogen
  plasma with the equivalent current density of 750
  mA/cm2 and the total current of 5 A were obtained. A
  multi-aperture multi-electrode extraction system
  design capable of forming the non-divergent ion
  beam was developed with the use of IBSimu code.
  
  Speaker: Ivan Izotov (IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod)
- 15:40 → 15:50
  
  Stable and Intense 48Ca Ion Beam Production With a Microwave Shielded Oven and an Optical Spectrometer as Diagnostic Tool 10m
  
  The CAPRICE ECRIS installed at the High Charge
  Injector (HLI) of GSI produces highly charged ion
  beams from gaseous and metallic elements. A high
  demand of metal ions comes from the nuclear
  physics, material re-search, and Super Heavy
  Element group (SHE), and the most requested
  element, besides 50Ti, is 48Ca. When this chemical
  reactive material is deposited inside the plasma
  chamber at internal components the stability can be
  com-promised. Furthermore, it is difficult to find a
  working point to guarantee a long-term stability as
  the oven re-sponse time and the reaction of the
  ECRIS are relatively slow. The monitoring by using an
  Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) facilitates
  immediate reactions when-ever plasma instabilities
  occur. For this reason, a real-time diagnostic system
  based on an OES has been in-stalled at the ECRIS at
  HLI for routine operation during the beam-time 2020.
  The measured spectra revealed a parasitic oven
  heating by coupled microwaves often com-promising
  the ion source performance. Therefore, a tung-sten
  grid has been installed to shield the oven orifice from
  the coupled microwaves. The results in terms of 48Ca
  beam intensity and stability are reported here.
  
  Speaker: Fabio Maimone (GSI, Darmstadt)
- 15:50 → 16:00
  
  New Metallic Stable Ion Beams for GANIL 10m
  
  GANIL has been producing many stable beams for
  nearly 40 years. Constant progress has been made in
  terms of intensity, stability and reliability. The
  intensity for some stable metallic beams now exceeds
  or approaches the pμA level at an energy up to 95
  MeV/u: 1.14 pμA for 36S (65% enriched) at 77
  MeV/u, 0.35 pμA for 58Ni (63%) at 74 MeV/u. The
  presentation highlights recent results obtained for
  28Si, 184W and 130Te using the GANIL s LCO (Large Capacity Oven) on the ECR4 ion source. To produce the tungsten beam, two injection methods were compared. For the first one, we evaporated some tungsten trioxide (WO3) with GANILs LCO.
  For the second one, the injection in the plasma
  chamber was made by using MIVOC (Metallic Ions
  from VOlatile compounds) with a tungsten
  hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6) compound. It was the first
  time that we used metal carbonyl compounds and the
  result is promising. All the tests have been qualified
  to obtain the level of intensity and beam stability.
  Theses good results led us to propose them for
  Physics experiments.
  
  Speaker: Frederic Lemagnen (GANIL, Caen)
- 16:00 → 16:10
  
  A New Resistive High Temperature Oven for Metallic Beams Production 10m
  
  For the Super Separator Spectrometer (S3) [1]
  currently under construction on Spiral 2 facility,
  metallic beams of high intensities must be delivered
  to impinge a target aiming to produce rare
  radioactive isotopes for fundamental nuclear studies.
  First requested beams are 58Ni, 48Ca, 50Cr, 50Ti or
  50V with an intensity about 1,2.1013 pps. The
  metallic ion beams will be produced by the Phoenix
  V3 ECR ion source combined with a resistive oven
  newly designed to cope with the beam specifications.
  The evaporation of low vapor pressure metallic
  elements (Ti, V...) requires temperature within a
  range of 1900°C to 2000°C. A new design of a
  resistive oven has been developed for this purpose.
  The oven reached 2000°C in a test vacuum chamber
  during 8 days. It has worked out in the Electron
  Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source ECR4 at GANIL for
  Titanium beam production. Further tests using this
  ion source are under preparation for Ti and V beam
  production. Flux and angular distribution of atoms
  released by the oven are going to be measured offline
  for optimizing crucibles geometries. Finally, the
  oven will be integrated into the Phoenix V3 ECRIS for
  Ti and V production.
  
  Speaker: Olivier Bajeat (GANIL, Caen)
- 16:10 → 16:20
  
  Microcontrollers as Gate and Delay Generators for Time Resolved Measurements 10m
  
  The diffusion of electrons from ECRIS plasmas results
  in the emission of bremsstrahlung distributions from
  the plasma chamber. ECRIS bremsstrahlung
  measurements that are both time- and energyresolved
  are often challenging to perform due to the
  10's; 100's ms timescale that the plasma evolves
  over. However, the advancement of low-cost
  microcontrollers over the last decade makes timing
  and gating photon spectrometers easier. We present
  a proof of principle measurement which uses an
  Arduino microcontroller as a gate-and-delay
  generator for a High Purity Germanium (HPGe)
  detector. An example plot of the time-resolved
  bremsstrahlung spectrum, triggered by beam current
  variation induced by kinetic instabilities, is shown.
  
  Speaker: Bryan Christopher Isherwood (MSU)
- 16:20 → 17:00
  
  Open Discussion 40m
- 17:00 → 17:01
  
  Adjourn 1m
Tuesday 29 September
- 08:50 → 09:00
  
  Announcements 10m
- 09:00 → 09:05
  
  Plasma Physics and Techniques 5m
- 09:05 → 09:30
  
  Plasma Parameters at Upper/down Stream Region Near Ecr Zone and Optimizing Microwave-Launching on ECRIS 25m
  
  We have investigated how to produce multicharged
  ions efficiently. Recently, we have focused on waves
  propagations in plasma and conducted the Upperhybrid
  Resonance (UHR) experiments. [1] We have
  also conducted experiments heating by the coaxial
  semi-dipole antenna to enhance the right-hand
  polarization wave, which contributes to ECR. [2]
  Multicharged ion beams have been improved using
  various means, e.g., the increase of the magnetic
  field and the microwave frequency, the DC biased
  plate-tuner, mixing low z gases, and the multiplex
  frequencies heating. However, the microwave
  launching position has been empirically determined
  on conventional ECRIS's. There is still some room for
  improvement with the respect to more efficient
  excitation of the wave propagation. In this research,
  we estimate the wave propagation near the ECR
  zone, and in the opposite peripheral region beyond it.
  We measure plasma parameters in those regions by
  two Langmuir probes inserted into each location at
  the same time. In near future, we optimize the
  microwave-launching in the case of the fundamental
  frequency for ECR and the second frequency for UHR
  in order to enhance their incidence to the vacuum
  chamber.
  
  Speaker: Wataru Kubo (Osaka University, Osaka)
- 09:30 → 09:55
  
  Tentative Solution to Plasma Chamber Cooling for High Power ECR Ion Source Operation 25m
  
  High charge state electron cyclotron resonance ion
  source (ECRIS) is characterized by a so-called min-B
  magnetic field configuration, which provokes the
  localized plasma over-heating to plasma chamber
  especially for the 3rd generation ECRISs at high
  power operation condition. With the increase of rf
  power, more plasma energy will be dumped to tiny
  areas and result in a very high localized power
  density, which is estimated to be up to 1 kW/cm2.
  Few existing ECR plasma chamber cooling designs
  can withstand such high heat fluxes. In this paper,
  we report a new plasma chamber cooling design with
  so-called Micro-channel cooling technology, which can
  not only realize efficient heat transfer, but also
  retains a small radial thickness that is beneficial for
  the radial magnetic field. In order to evaluate the
  performance of the cooling structure with microchannel
  design, experimental cooling loop for high
  heat flux has been designed and built at IMP. Initial
  experiments demonstrate that optimized
  configuration can achieve high heat flux cooling in the
  range of 1 kW/cm2 and beyond. Based on these
  results, a plasma chamber with micro-channel design
  for SECRAL has been designed and tested.
  
  Speaker: Junwei Guo (IMP/CAS, Lanzhou)
- 09:55 → 10:20
  
  Development of HTO with Inductive Technology for Uranium Beam Production 25m
  
  A High-Temperature Oven (HTO) with inductive
  heating technology has been developed successfully
  in 2019 at Institute of Modern Physics. This oven
  features durable operation temperature of >2000℃
  inside the tantalum susceptor. By careful design the
  oven structure, material compatibility and thermal
  stress issues at high temperature has been
  successfully handled, which enables the production of
  
  400 eμA U33+ with SECRAL-II*. With necessary
  refinement, this type of oven could also be available
  with room temperature ECR ion sources, like LECR4
  and LECR5. Some improvements in structure have
  been proposed in this year. The design and testing
  results will be presented in this contribution.
  
  Speaker: Wang Lu (IMP/CAS, Lanzhou)
- 10:20 → 10:45
  
  Influences of Magnetic Field Parameters to ECRIS Plasma Characteristics 25m
  
  To investigate the hot electron population and the appearance of kinetic instabilities in ECRIS plasma, the axially emitted bremsstrahlung spectra and microwave bursts emitted from ECRIS plasma were synchronously measured on SECRAL-II ion source with various magnetic field configurations. The experimental results show that when Bmin/Becr is less than ~0.8, the spectral temperature Ts increases linearly with the Bmin/Becr-ratio when the injection, extraction and radial mirror fields are kept constant. Above this threshold Ts saturates and the electron cyclotron instability appears simultaneously. This study has also demonstrated that Ts decreases linearly with the increase of the average gradient over the ECR surface when the on-axis gradient and hexapole field strengths are constant. In addition, it is found that Ts decreases with the increase of the gradient at the resonance zone at relatively low mirror ratio and is insensitive to the gradient at high mirror ratio when Bmin is constant. Compared to a recent study taken on a fully superconducting ECRIS, this study shows different results discussing the mechanisms behind the correlation of magnetic field parameters to Ts.
  
  Speaker: Jibo Li (IMP/CAS)
- 10:45 → 11:10
  
  Break 25m
- 11:10 → 11:15
  
  Plasma Physics and Techniques II 5m
- 11:15 → 11:40
  
  A Theoretical Model of High-Bmin Instabilities and Experimental Tests of Its Predictions 25m
  
  It is well known that ECR ion sources exhibit
  instabilities when the source's minimum magnetic
  field is approximately 80% of the resonant field or
  greater, but the reasons for this instability have yet
  to be satisfactorily explained. In this paper we
  present a simple theoretical model that has the highminimum-
  B instability as a consequence. We show
  that this model predicts modes of operation with
  high-minimum B that avoid that instability (including
  multiple-frequency heating), and present results from
  experimental tests of some of these predicted stable
  modes.
  
  Speaker: Damon Todd (LBNL, Berkeley, California)
- 11:40 → 12:05
  
  Experimental Evidence of Trapped Waves in a Simple Mirror Magnetic-Trap 25m
  
  This work presents the first experimental
  characterization of cavity modes trapped within a
  plasma column in an axis-symmetric magnetic trap.
  Trapped wave has been characterized by means of a
  movable antenna as a function of the B_{min}/B_
  {ECR} ratio and plasma parameters. The study
  demonstrates that E.M waves can be trapped
  between two R-cutoff layers, in proximity of the B
  minimum position. Results suggest that the trapped
  waves consist of Whistler waves, propagating
  perpendicularly to the magnetic field and storing
  large part of the E.M power introduced in the plasma
  chamber. If R-cut-off is removed by increasing the
  density, trapped waves are not detected anymore. A
  typical Electron Energy Distribution Function
  composed by two different electron populations is
  measured in the layer where trapped waves are
  revealed, suggesting that additional heating is
  occurring. The existence of trapped waves in a
  plasma column was already foreseen by several
  studies concerning the development of kinetic
  instability in plasmas and this experimental
  characterization allows to shed more light on nonlinear
  plasma coupling and to the generation of
  supra-thermal electrons in ECRIS plasmas.
  
  Speaker: Giuseppe Castro (INFN/LNS, Catania)
- 12:05 → 12:30
  
  Simulation and Experimental Investigation of an Ion Source Metallic Oven 25m
  
  Oven are widely used to produce metallic ion beams
  in ECRIS. A calcium oven dedicated to metal
  evaporation up to 650°C has been investigated by
  simulation and experience. The differential atom
  emittance has been measured and is well reproduced
  by the results of a Monte-Carlo simulation code. The
  absolute atom flux was measured as a function of the
  oven temperature and compared with theoretical
  predictions. A quite good agreement is obtained with
  theory and new values of Antoine's coefficient for
  calcium are proposed. The simulation is used to
  investigate the probability of on flight atom ionization
  by the plasma as a function of the oven distance to
  the ECR zone. With the PHOENIX V3 geometry, when
  the oven is placed in the injection biased disk plane,
  the ionization efficiency is 14%. This value in quite
  good agreement with experiment. Theoretical
  efficiency up to 57% is reachable when the oven
  distance is reduced to 1 cm to the ECR zone.
  
  Speaker: Thomas Thuillier (LPSC, Grenoble Cedex)
- 12:30 → 13:30
  
  Break 1h
- 13:30 → 13:35
  
  Modelisation, Simulation 5m
- 13:35 → 14:00
  
  Progress in Self-Consistent Modeling of Time- and Space-Dependent Phenomena in Ecris Plasma 25m
  
  Resonant interaction with the microwave radiation in
  ECRIS plasma leads to a strongly anisotropic electron
  energy distribution function (EEDF), given as a
  combination of two to three electron populations,
  with the possibility to trigger kinetic instabilities. At
  the INFN, further efforts have been paid to improve
  and update self-consistent 3D numerical codes for
  plasma electrons kinetics. Progresses have opened
  several perspectives. It is now possible to derive
  space-resolved EEDF, and compute space-dependent
  energy and density maps. Also, the code has been
  updated to provide reaction rates of electromagnetic
  emissions, including X-ray fluorescence. An estimate
  of the local ion charge state distribution is potentially
  possible, and first evaluations are ongoing. Dealing
  with fast-transient mechanisms, such as
  electromagnetic emission via the electron-cyclotron
  MASER instability, the code is now updated for locally
  evaluating the EEDF anisotropy. We will present the
  collected results, which we believe to have a relevant
  impact both on the ECRIS plasma physics and on the
  INFN's PANDORA project that plans to use ECR
  plasmas for fundamental studies in Nuclear and
  AstroNuclear Physics.
  
  Speaker: Angelo Pidatella (INFN/LNS, Catania)
- 14:00 → 14:25
  
  A Guiding Centre Approximation Approach for the Simulation of Electron Trajectories in ECR and Microwave Ion Sources 25m
  
  The Boris algorithm has become the standard for
  particle trajectory integration in a magnetic field. The
  high frequency electron cyclotron motion (GHz)
  constrains the time-step below 10 ps. A guiding
  centre approach neglects the detailed particle
  cyclotron motion, describing its trajectory through
  free motion of the orbit's centre along the field lines
  and corresponding drifts. It works on the assumption
  that the magnetic field strength varies in a much
  larger length scale than the cyclotron orbit. This
  approach is more computationally expensive per step
  than direct orbit integration, but a shorter overall
  computation time may be expected by using a larger
  time-step (~100 ps). This work presents a study on
  implementing the guiding centre approach in ECR ion
  sources. It is shown to reproduce accurately the
  trajectory drifts and confinement of electrons in a
  minimum-B field, but the use of long time-steps
  exacerbates a non-physical kinetic energy loss.
  Following, non-confined electron trajectories in a
  flatter field are analysed, as in a microwave discharge
  ion source, where this method's drawbacks are
  avoided due to a smaller magnetic field gradient and
  a shorter electron lifetime.
  
  Speaker: Jose Antonio Mendez (LPSC, Grenoble Cedex)
- 14:25 → 14:50
  
  Electromagnetic Simulation of 'plasma-shaped' Plasma Chamber for Innovative ECRIS 25m
  
  The plasma chamber and injection system design
  play a fundamental role in ECRISs with the aim to
  obtain an optimized electromagnetic field
  configuration able to generate and sustain a plasma
  with a high energy content. In this work we present
  the numerical study and the design of an
  unconventionally-shaped cavity resonator* that
  possesses some key advantages with respect to the
  standard cylindrical cavities, usually adopted in ion
  sources setups. The cavity geometry, whose design
  has been completed on January 2020, has been
  inspired by the typical star-shaped ECR plasma,
  determined by the magnetic field structure. The
  chamber has been designed by using the commercial
  softwares CST and COMSOL, with the aim to
  maximize the on-axis electric field. Moreover, a
  radically innovative microwaves injection system,
  consisting in side-coupled slotted waveguides, has
  been implemented, allowing a better power coupling
  and a more symmetric power distribution inside the
  cavity with respect to the standard rectangular
  waveguides. This new 'plasma-shaped oriented'
  design could relevantly improve the performances of
  the ECRISs while making more compact the overall
  setup.
  
  Speaker: Giorgio Sebastiano Mauro (INFI/LNS, Catania)
- 14:50 → 15:15
  
  Break 25m
- 15:15 → 15:20
  
  Poster/ Short Presentation 5m
- 15:20 → 15:30
  
  Characterization of 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source Bench for Accelerator-Based 14-MeV Neutron Generator 10m
  
  The 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion
  Source (ECRIS) has been indigenously developed.
  This development of ECRIS aims to provide high
  brightness, stable, and reliable D+ ion beam of 20
  mA in continuous (CW) mode operation for
  accelerator-based D-T neutron generator. The ECR
  ion source setup consists of a microwave system, a
  magnet system, a double wall water-cooled plasma
  chamber, a high voltage platform, a three-electrode
  ion extraction system, and a vacuum system. The
  ECR ion source test setup is installed and deuterium
  plasma generated. Three-electrode extraction system
  is designed and fabricated for the ion beam
  extraction. A ~10 mA deuterium ion beam is
  extracted from the ECR ion source. The paper covers
  the detailed experimental setup of ion beam
  characterization and diagnostics used for
  measurement of beam profile, beam current, and
  beam emittance measurements. It also covers the
  latest results of beam profile, and beam current
  measurement as a function of extraction voltage, gas
  flow, and acceleration voltage.
  
  Speaker: Sudhirsinh J Vala (Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar)
- 15:30 → 15:40
  
  Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Related Research and Development Work at the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä (JYFL) 10m
  
  Recent research work of the JYFL ion source team
  covers multi-diagnostic studies of plasma instabilities,
  high-resolution plasma optical emission spectroscopy,
  ion current transient measurements to define the
  total life-time of a particle in the highly charged
  plasma. The JYFL team also elaborates the magnetic
  and technical design of the unconventional ion source
  named CUBE. The R&D work includes, in addition, the
  commissioning and operation of the highperformance
  18 GHz ECRIS, HIISI. The instability
  measurements have revealed new information about
  the parameters affecting the onset of the plasma
  instabilities and shown that different instability modes
  exist. The ion-beam transient studies have given
  information about the cumulative life-time of highlycharged
  ions convergent with the ion temperatures
  deduced from the Doppler broadening of emission
  lines. The CUBE prototype has a minimum-B
  quadrupole magnetic field topology, similar to ARCECRIS,
  and its all-permanent magnet structure has
  been optimized for 10 GHz frequency. The CUBE
  design will be presented along with its commissioning
  status. The status and operational experience with
  HIISI will be reported as well.
  
  Speaker: Miha Marttinen (University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics)
- 15:40 → 15:50
  
  Study on the Correlation between Energy Distribution of Electrons Lost from the Confinement and Plasma Bremsstrahlung on a min-B ECR Plasmas 10m
  
  The study of plasma bremsstrahlung has been used as a diagnostic tool for understanding the behavior of confined plasma in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS). In order to understand the relation connecting the confined plasma and the electrons escaping the confinement, a series of measurements have been made to measure the bremsstrahlung produced in the axial and radial direction along with the Lost Electron Energy Distribution (LEED) axially on JYFL 14 GHz ECR. We present here the effect of various source parameters on the axial and radial bremsstrahlung along with the LEED on a min-B confined ECR plasma. The measured LEED has been found to show a correlation with bremsstrahlung measurement and also have observed as a potential diagnostic method for instability. The explanation for observed LEED and bremsstrahlung trends is provided.
  
  Speaker: Bichu Subhash Bhasi Bhaskar (LPSC, JYFL)
- 15:50 → 16:00
  
  Ultra-High Current Density Produced by a 60 Ghz Ecr Ion Source 10m
  
  SEISM is a compact ECR ion source operating at 60
  GHz developed up to 2014. The prototype uses a
  magnetic cusp to confine the plasma. This simple
  magnetic geometry was chosen to allow the use of
  polyhelix coils (developed at the LNCMI, Grenoble) to
  generate a strong magnetic confinement featuring a
  closed ECR surface at 2.1 T. The plasma is sustained
  by a 300 kW microwave pulse of 1 ms duration and
  with a 2 Hz repetition rate. Previous experiments at
  LNCMI have successfully demonstrated the
  establishment of the nominal magnetic field and the
  extraction of ion beams with a current density up to
  ~ 1A/cm2. The presence of "afterglow" peaks was
  also observed, proving the existence of ion
  confinement in a cusp ECR ion source. The last run
  was prematurely stopped but the project restarted in
  2018 and new experiments are planned in 2021. A
  new transport beam line has been designed to
  improve ion beam transport towards the beam
  detectors. Short- and long-term research plans are
  presented, including numerical simulations of the
  beam transport line and future upgrades of the ion
  source with the main goal to transform the high
  current density measured into a real high intensity
  ion beam.
  
  Speaker: Thomas ANDRE (LPSC-CNRS)
- 16:00 → 16:10
  
  Multi-Species Child-Langmuir Law with Application to ECR Ion Sources 10m
  
  We generalize the classical single-species Child-
  Langmuir Law to analyze multi-species beams from
  ECR ion sources. The formulation assumes the
  relative weight of each species in the extracted beam
  is known. We applied the results to charge state
  distribution data from Artemis- and Venus-type
  sources at the NSCL and LBNL respectively. The total
  measured beam current is close to the maximum
  current predicted by the multi-species Child Langmuir
  Law in each case, which indicates that beam
  extraction occurs around the regime of space charge
  limited flow. Prospects for application of the results
  and further studies on the topic are outlined.
  
  Speaker: Chun Yan Jonathan Wong
- 16:10 → 16:20
  
  Beams with Three-Fold Rotational Symmetry: A Theoretical Study 10m
  
  Beams from ECR ion sources have 3-fold transverse
  rotational symmetry induced by the ECR sextupole.
  The symmetry imposes equality constraints among
  transverse beam moments, which can be derived
  using a theoretical framework we developed. Since
  the constraints are solely a consequence of the
  rotational symmetry of external fields, they hold for
  arbitrary charge state distribution and space charge
  intensity. These constraints provide a new tool to
  analyze phase space properties of ECR beams and
  their impact on low-energy transport. We prove that,
  regardless of their triangulation, beams with 3-fold
  rotational symmetry have the same rms emittance
  and Twiss parameters along any transverse direction.
  These counter-intuitive results are applied to the
  FRIB Front End to demonstrate how symmetry
  arguments challenge long-standing assumptions and
  bring clarity to the beam dynamics.
  
  Speaker: Chun Yan Jonathan Wong
- 16:20 → 17:00
  
  Open Discussion 40m
- 17:00 → 17:01
  
  Adjourn 1m
Wednesday 30 September
- 08:10 → 08:20
  
  Announcements 10m
- 08:20 → 08:25
  
  Poster/ Short Presentation 5m
- 08:25 → 08:35
  
  Improvement of the Cryostat System Performance of 28-Ghz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source of the Biba by a Radiation Shielding 10m
  
  The BIBA (Busan Ion Beam Accelerator) is a compact
  linear accelerator facility using the 28 GHz ECRIS at
  the KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). Our goal is
  to generate high current fast neutrons using the
  heavy ion interaction with a proton target. For a
  stable operation of the superconducting magnets, the
  performance of cryostat system is very essential at
  the 28 GHz ECRIS. However, the emitted x-ray from
  inner plasma chamber contributes to increase an
  extra heat load to the cryostat system by absorbing
  the cold mass of the superconducting magnet.
  Therefore, we have measured X-ray spectra from the
  28 GHz ECR ion source and tried to improve the
  performance of the Cryostat System by a radiation
  shielding. In this paper, we will present the test
  results of X-ray emission on 28GHz KBSI ECRIS and
  improved cooling system performance.
  
  Speaker: Mi-Sook Won (Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan)
- 08:35 → 08:45
  
  Precise Identification of Extracted Ion Beam Spectrum Initially Obtained in Synthesizing Iron-Endohedral Fullerenes on ECRIS 10m
  
  Electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS)
  plasma has been constructed for producing
  synthesized ion beams in Osaka Univ.[1,2] We hope
  that it can become a universal source capable of
  producing ions with wide range mass/charge ration
  (m/q). We have been trying to produce endohedral
  fullerenes in the ECRIS. We have conducted initial
  experiments on production of them only in the
  second stage of ECRIS. We have been using iron
  vapor source by induction heating (IH) from the
  mirror end along to the geometrical axis, and C60
  crucible from the side wall, respectively. We
  succeeded in realizing ECR plasma that fullerene and
  iron ions coexist on the single stage ECRIS, even by
  1kV extraction voltage.[3] By these experimental
  series, the typical CSD suggests that there is
  possibility of slight formation of iron fullerenes
  compounds and iron endohedral fullerenes. We are
  continuing to investigate the experimental conditions
  that maximize spectrum corresponding to iron
  endohedral fullerenes. In this paper we describe
  preliminary experimental results of synthesizing ironendohedral
  fullerene on the ECRIS.
  
  Speaker: Issei Owada
- 08:45 → 08:55
  
  High Intensity Vanadium-Ion Beam Production to Search for New Super- Heavy Element with Z = 119 10m
  
  We have begun searching for the new super-heavy
  element (SHE) with Z=119 at RIKEN Heavy Ion
  LINAC (RILAC). To overcome the small production
  cross section of vanadium (V) beam on the curium
  target, the project requires a very powerful V beam.
  In order to optimize the beam intensity of V with the
  charge state of 13+, we have investigated the effects
  of the amount of V vapor, the power of 18- and 28-
  GHz microwaves, and the strength of the mirror field.
  While no significant effect was seen by changing the
  mirror field Bext from 1.4 T to 1.6 T, the amount of V
  vapor and the microwave power strongly affected.
  Based on the correlation between the V-vapor and
  the microwave power, we obtained a 600-euA V(13+)
  beam with the V consumption rate of 24 mg/h and
  the microwave power of 2.9 kW in order to execute
  about 1-month SHE experiment. Furthermore,
  because such strong mirror field enhances the
  transverse beam emittance, it is important to control
  the emittance with small reduction of the intensity.
  We have successfully controlled the beam emittance
  by using three pairs of slits (triplet slits) in LEBT by
  eliminating the peripheral beam components in both
  of the x-x' and y-y' phase spaces.
  
  Speaker: Takashi Nagatomo (RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako)
- 08:55 → 09:05
  
  Enhancing Production of Multicharged Ions by Pulse Modulated Microwaves under Low Z Gas Mixing Operation on ECRIS 10m
  
  We are aiming at producing various ion beams in ECRIS. In the case of producing multicharged ion beams, we try to enhance loss channel of low Z ions by means of adding pulse modulated microwaves to conventional gas mixing method.* Through these experiments, we explore the feasibility of selectively heating specific ions with pulse modulated microwaves and launching another low frequency RF waves. In gas mixing experiment, we use Helium as low Z gas for production of multicharged Ar and Xenon ion beams. These experiments are conducted by keeping the total pressure constant and changing the mixing ratio of Helium. The time scale of pulsed microwave is typically several to several hundreds of microseconds. We optimize the pulse period and duty ratio for producing multicharged ion beams. These effects are investigated to measure Charge State Distributions (CSDs). Also, we can measure the emittance using wire probe and multi slit attached to Ion Beam Irradiation System (IBIS). ** We estimate the normalized emittance from this measurement to determine index of ion temperature in the ECRIS. In this paper, we mainly describe the results of these active and additive methods at the ECRIS.
  
  Speaker: Shuhei Harisaki (Osaka University)
- 09:05 → 09:15
  
  Beam Profile Measurements of Decelerated Multicharged Xe Ions from ECRIS for Estimating Low Energy Damage on Satellites Components 10m
  
  Electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) has
  been constructed for producing synthesized ion
  beams in Osaka Univ.,* Xe is used as fuel for ion
  propulsion engines on artificial satellites. There are
  problems of accumulated damages at irradiation and
  sputtering by low energy Xe ion from the engine. It is
  required to construct experimentally sputtering yield
  databases of ion beams in the low energy region from
  several hundred eV to 1keV, since there are not
  enough data of satellite component materials.
  Therefore, we are trying to investigate experimentally
  sputtering yield on materials by irradiating the low
  energy single species Xeq+ ion beams. However,
  there is a problem that if the low extraction voltage,
  the amount of beam currents is not enough to obtain
  ion beam flux for precise evaluation of sputtering
  yield data. Thus, we conduct to decelerate Xeq+ ion
  beams required low energy region after extracting at
  high voltage, e.g., 10kV. We measured the
  decelerated beam profile with x and y direction wire
  probes. As a result, we were able to estimate the
  dose of ion fluxes. We are going to conduct
  irradiation experiments on various materials.
  
  Speaker: Koichi Sato (Osaka University, Osaka)
- 09:15 → 09:25
  
  Observation of Cyclotron Instabilities in SECRAL-II Ion Source 10m
  
  Cyclotron instabilities in Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasmas are related to non-linear interaction between plasma waves and energetic electrons, resulting in strong microwave emission, a burst of energetic electrons escaping the plasma, and the periodic oscillations of the extracted beam currents. Precedent investigation of cyclotron instabilities has proved that Bmin/BECR can be treated as a magnetic field threshold. Recently, experiments with SECRAL-II ion source demonstrate that Bmin/BECR is not the only knob, and other field parameters have also been found to be related to cyclotron instabilities, such as mirror ratio and radial field. Namely, the trigger of cyclotron instability is a combination of many magnetic field parameters. This paper will give the experimental setup at IMP for cyclotron instability investigations and experimental observations will be presented.
  
  Speaker: Lixuan Li (IMP/CAS)
- 09:25 → 09:45
  
  Break 20m
- 09:45 → 09:55
  
  High Intensity Ion Beam Extraction System for FECR 10m
  
  To meet the beam requirements of High Intensity
  heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), the Institute of
  Modern Physics is developing a Fourth generation
  ECR ion source (FECR). Targeting at the operation
  frequency of 45 GHz, FECR is expected to produce
  very high intensity highly charged heavy ion beams,
  such as 1.0 emA 238U35+, 2 emA 78Kr19+, 10 emA
  16O6+, etc. Based on the records with the 3rd
  generation ECR ion source operating at 24~28 GHz,
  the corresponding total drain current of FECR could
  reach 20 ~ 60 emA. To extract such high intensity
  multi-charged ion beams from the source with high
  beam quality and transmission efficiency,
  conventional diode or triode extraction system might
  not be suitable, and therefore a 4-electrode
  extraction system with a total extraction voltage of
  50 kV is designed to mitigate the space charge
  influences and minimize the beam emittance growth
  in the extraction region. In this paper, a 3D model of
  the FECR extraction system is built using the IBSimu
  code. The electrode angles, voltages and electrode
  spacings are optimized for different ion beam
  conditions respectively. Beam properties comparison
  of various simulation conditions are presented.
  
  Speaker: Zhen Shen (IMP/CAS, Lanzhou)
- 09:55 → 10:05
  
  39Ar Enrichment System Based on a 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source 10m
  
  Aimed at improving the ATTA's (Atom Trap Trace
  Analysis) dating efficiency with 39Ar radioactive
  isotope, an isotope enrichment system has been
  developed at IMP (Institute of Modern Physics) to
  increase the abundance of 39Ar in the incident
  sample gas. In this enrichment system, a 2.45 GHz
  ECR ion source was designed to ionize sample gas
  and produce isotopes beams with several mA, and
  the isotopes beam is transported and separated in
  the separation beam line, which is consisted of two
  quadrupoles and an analysis magnet. The separated
  isotopes are collected by a rotated aluminum foil
  target. According to the recent cross-checked results
  with ATTA, high enrichment factor of 39Ar isotope
  has been successfully reached. This paper will give a
  general introduction to the platform setup. The
  isotope enrichment efficiency is the critical issue for
  such a platform and will be specially discussed.
  
  Speaker: Zehua Jia (IMP/CAS, Lanzhou)
- 10:05 → 10:15
  
  Conceptual Design of an Electrostatic Trap for High Intensity Pulsed Beam 10m
  
  Highly charged ion sources play an important role in
  the advancement of heavy ion accelerators
  worldwide. The beam requirements of highly charged
  heavy ions from new accelerators have driven the
  performance of ion sources to their limits and
  beyond. In parallel to developing new technologies to
  enhance the performance of ECR ion source, this
  paper presents a conceptual design of an ion trap
  aiming to convert a cw ion beam into a short beam
  pulse with high compression ratios. With an electron
  gun, a solenoid and a set of drift tubes, the injected
  ions will be trapped radially and axially. By
  manipulating the potential of drift tubes, ions can be
  accumulated with multiple injections and extracted at
  a fast or slow scheme. This paper presents the
  simulation and design results of this ion trap
  prototype.
  
  Speaker: Wei Huang (Institute of Modern Physics)
- 10:15 → 10:25
  
  Numerical Simulations of Plasma Dynamics in ECRIS Afterglow 10m
  
  Plasma dynamics in the afterglow of ECRIS has been
  studied through the Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.
  A full 3D implicit electrostatic PIC code was
  developed to meet the needs of ECRIS simulations
  and to study the characteristics of the ECR plasma
  during the afterglow. The initial plasma parameters at
  the simulation start-up were assumed by referring to
  the experimental diagnostics of the ECRISs from IMP,
  Lanzhou. The dynamics of electrons and ions in the
  presence of the external magnetic field and at the
  absence of the microwave energy were simulated to
  study the mechanism of afterglow. Through the
  abundant diagnostics of the 3D PIC simulation, some
  ECR plasma features during afterglow including the
  plasma potential and electron energy distributions
  could be obtained and analyzed. The goal was to
  determine the important evolutions that contribute to
  the afterglow and thus to have a clearer
  understanding of ECRIS afterglow mode.
  
  Speaker: Li Lei (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu)
- 10:25 → 10:35
  
  Production of Metal Ion Beams From ECR Ion Sources 10m
  
  The work describes the preparation of metal ion
  beams from ECR ion sources by the MIVOC (Metal
  Ions from Volatile Compounds) method. The method
  is based on the use of volatile metal compounds
  having high vapor pressure at room temperature: for
  example, Ni(C5H5)2, (CH3)5C5Ti(CH3)3 and several
  others. Using this method, intense beams of
  chromium, titanium, iron, and other ions were
  obtained at the U-400 FLNR JINR and DC-60
  cyclotrons (Astana branch of the INP, Alma-Ata,
  Kazakhstan Republic).
  
  Speaker: Andrey Bondarchenko (JINR)
- 10:35 → 10:55
  
  Break 20m
- 10:55 → 11:00
  
  Applications 5m
- 11:00 → 11:25
  
  Present Status of HIMAC ECR Ion Sources 25m
  
  High-energy carbon-ion radiotherapy is being carried
  out at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba
  (HIMAC). Over 12000 cancer patients have been
  treated with carbon beams having energies of
  between 56-430 MeV/u since 1994. There are two
  injectors in the HIMAC for medical and experimental
  use. First injector consists of two ECR ion sources and
  one PIG ion source, the RFQ linac and the DTL.
  Usually, this injector suppling the carbon ion for
  cancer therapy and various ion such as H, He, Fe, Xe
  are accelerated for biological and physical
  experiment. The 10 GHz NIRS-ECR ion source
  produce the carbon ion for cancer therapy. The 18
  GHz NIRS-HEC ion source produce He to Xe ions for
  experimental use. Second injector consists of the
  compact ECR ion source with all permanent magnet,
  the RFQ linac and the APF IH-DTL. This injector
  supplies the carbon ion for experimental use.
  Additionally, we tried production of the Indium and
  the Tin ions by using the In(C5H5) and the Sn
  (i-C3H7)4 at the NIRS-HEC. Beam current of the
  115In20+ and 120Sn18+ were 90 and 15 micro A,
  respectively. Present status of ECR ion sources and
  some development will be described.
  
  Speaker: Masayuki Muramatsu (QST-NIRS, Chiba)
- 11:25 → 11:50
  
  Attempt to Develop a 2.45 GHz Microwave Driven Source for Plasma Flood Gun 25m
  
  Plasma flood guns (PFGs) are widely used to
  neutralize wafer charge during the doping process in
  modern ion implanters. Compared with traditional dc
  arc discharge with filament and RF discharge, the
  microwave driven source that has long lifetime and
  has no metallic contamination is regarded as a
  potential choice of PFG [1]. Attempt to develop a
  large scale PFG based on 2.45 GHz microwave driven
  sources was launched at Peking University (PKU). A
  prototype one is a miniaturized 2.45 GHz permanent
  magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source to
  produce point-like electron beam. In previous
  experiments, more than 8 mA electron beam has
  been extracted with a Φ6 mm extraction hole at an
  input microwave power of 22 W with argon gas [2].
  Recently, studies are focusing on the possibility of
  producing of ribbon electron beams as PFG with
  2.45GHz microwave driven surface wave plasma
  (SWP) source. A cylindrical chamber surface wave
  plasma generator with a using cylindrical dielectric
  waveguide and a 70 mm×3 mm extraction slit was
  fabricated. The primary test results were obtained.
  More details of this PFGs will be discussed in this
  work.
  
  Speaker: Prof. Shixiang PENG (PKU, Beijing)
- 11:50 → 12:15
  
  Open Discussion 25m
- 12:15 → 13:15
  
  Break 1h
- 13:15 → 13:20
  
  Charge Breeding 5m
- 13:20 → 13:45
  
  Role of the 1+ Beam Optics Upstream the SPIRAL1 Charge Breeder 25m
  
  The SPIRAL1 charge breeder (SP1CB) is under
  operation. Radioactive ion beam (RIB) has already
  been delivered [1] to Physicist for experiments.
  Although charge breeding efficiencies demonstrated
  high performances for stable ion beams, those
  efficiencies regarding RIB are lower. The beam optics,
  prior to the injection of the 1+ ions into the SP1CB, is
  of prime importance [2] for getting such high
  efficiencies. Moreover, the intensities of the
  radioactive ion beams are so low, it is really difficult
  to tune the SP1CB. A stable beam having a close B
  is required to find out the set of optic parameters
  preceding the tuning of the RIB. Hence, it has been
  decided to focus our effort on that issue as to get
  control of the 1+ beam optics leading to high charge
  breeding efficiencies whatever the 1+ mass, energy
  and Target Ion Source System used (TISS). Being
  aware that TISS's provide ion beams with a specific
  energy spread and knowing that the acceptance
  energy of the SP1CB is rather narrow; that parameter
  must play also a role in the charge breeding
  efficiency. This contribution will show the strategy
  undertaken to overcome that problem and the results
  already obtained.
  
  Speaker: Laurent Maunoury (GANIL)
- 13:45 → 14:10
  
  LNL GANIL LPSC Collaboration On The Contaminants Reduction In ECR Charge Breeders 25m
  
  Contaminants reduction in Electron Cyclotron
  Resonance Charge Breeders (ECRCB) is a key point
  for the future experiments foreseen at LNL and
  GANIL Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) facilities.
  According to the mass separator resolution set
  downstream the ECRCB, the radioactive ion beam
  study can be challenged in case of low production
  rate. An ongoing collaboration between LNL, LSPC
  and GANIL laboratories aims to improve the beam
  purity, acting on all the pollutant causes.
  Comparative experiments will be done at LPSC using
  different techniques, like covering the plasma
  chamber wall with liners in several material. Different
  configurations of the ECRCB will also be tested, with
  the enhancement of the efficiency and charge
  breeding time parameters as additional objectives. A
  presentation of this program is proposed together
  with the effective upgrade of the LPSC 1+N+ test
  bench which goal was to improve the vacuum quality
  and clean all the beam line devices.
  
  Speaker: Julien ANGOT (Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France)
- 14:10 → 14:15
  
  Poster/ Short Presentation 5m
- 14:15 → 14:25
  
  ECR3 Commissioning and Planning for C-14 Ion Beams at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System 10m
  
  The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source ECR3*
  has recently been commissioned at the Argonne
  Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) at
  Argonne National Laboratory. While ECR3 can provide
  many of the stable ATLAS beams, its other intended
  purpose is the production of C-14 ion beams which
  were previously produced by a now-retired negative
  ion source. This paper will discuss the final
  installation and commissioning of the ion source as
  well as the preparations for running C-14. A stable
  C-13 ethylene gas was used as a surrogate to
  determine the expected level of N-14 contamination
  when running C-14 since they are inseparable at
  ATLAS. We were also able to confirm consumption
  rates and charge state efficiencies under different
  C-13 running conditions in order to optimize the
  upcoming C-14 beam production.
  
  Speaker: Robert Scott (Argonne National Laboratory)
- 14:25 → 14:35
  
  Improvement of the Efficiency of the Triumf Charge State Booster 10m
  
  The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source is a
  versatile and reliable source to charge-breed rare
  isotopes in TRIUMF's Isotopes Separation and
  Acceleration (ISAC) facility. Significant research work
  has been done by different groups worldwide to
  improve the efficiency and performance of the ECRIS
  as a charge state booster. The most recent of these
  research works is the implementation of the twofrequency
  heating on an ECRIS. At the ISAC facility
  of TRIUMF, a 14.5 GHz PHOENIX booster which has
  been in operation since 2010 was recently upgraded
  to accommodate the two-frequency heating system
  using a single waveguide. The efficiency for charge
  breeding into a single charge state, which depends on
  the rare isotope that is being charge-bred, has been
  determined to be between 1 - 6 %. The CSB is being
  upgraded to improve its charge breeding efficiency. A
  detailed investigation of the effect of the twofrequency
  heating technique on the intensity,
  emittance and the efficiency of the extracted beam is
  presently being conducted.
  
  Speaker: Joseph Adegun (TRIUMF)
- 14:35 → 14:45
  
  Studies of ECR Plasma Chamber Contamination With Accelerated Beams and Diamond Detectors 10m
  
  While developing stable and re-accelerated rare
  isotope beams (RIB) for acceleration with the TAMU
  K500 cyclotron, a background of various stable
  beams has been observed. It has been determined
  that this background is arising from alloys and
  contamination in the components of our ECR ion
  sources, in particular, the aluminum alloy plasma
  chamber. We have developed a detector system
  based on diamond detector telescopes that allows us
  to measure the composition of the beam after
  acceleration with the K500 cyclotron at TAMU. Using
  this technique, we have been able to develop ion
  source and cyclotron tuning methods to minimize the
  stable beam background and maximize the stable
  beams of interest and/or the RIBs. We also endeavor
  to reduce the stable beam background from the ECR
  ion sources using techniques such as pure aluminum
  liners. In my presentation, I plan to show our
  accelerated beam detection setup with diamond
  detectors. I also plan to present about the
  background we have measured with this setup from
  the ECRIS components, in particular, the plasma
  chamber. Finally, I will comment on our efforts to
  reduce this background.
  
  Speaker: Brian Roeder (Texas A&M University)
- 14:45 → 15:05
  
  Break 20m
- 15:05 → 15:35
  
  Closing Statement 30m
- 15:35 → 15:55
  
  FRIB Tour Presentation 20m
- 15:55 → 16:55
  
  FRIB Virtual Tour 1h
- 16:55 → 16:56
  
  Adjourn 1m